How can governments limit freedom of expression?

Governments can limit freedom of expression through laws against defamation or hate speech as these laws are designed to protect individuals and groups from harmful speech that could lead to discrimination, violence, or other forms of harm. By implementing such regulations, authorities aim to balance the right to free speech with the need to maintain public order and protect citizens from potentially damaging or oppressive rhetoric.

Laws against hate speech specifically focus on preventing speech that incites hatred or violence against particular groups, while defamation laws protect individuals against false statements that could harm their reputation. This legal framework enables governments to restrict certain expressions deemed harmful while still upholding the fundamental principles of freedom of expression under appropriate circumstances.

In contrast, encouraging open debates, promoting activism, and establishing public forums are all actions that typically support and enhance freedom of expression rather than limiting it. These options foster a culture of dialogue and participation, which is fundamental to democratic societies.