What does the term 'sovereignty' mean in a political context?

In a political context, 'sovereignty' refers to the ultimate authority of a state to govern itself without external interference. This concept underscores the idea that a state possesses the highest level of power and independence in making decisions regarding its laws, governance, and policies. Sovereignty is fundamental to the understanding of states as political entities, as it establishes their ability to operate independently and make choices regarding internal and external matters, including foreign relations. This autonomy is critical for states to function effectively on the international stage, allowing them to establish their own systems of governance and law.

The other options address different aspects of governance but do not encapsulate the full meaning of sovereignty. For example, the power to enforce laws pertains to the functions of governance rather than the overall authority a state has. The division of government powers refers to the structure of government rather than its independence, and while the obligation to respect international treaties is important, it is more about international law and relations than the core principle of sovereignty itself.