What is meant by 'gerrymandering'?

The term 'gerrymandering' refers specifically to the manipulation of electoral district boundaries in such a way that it gives one political party an unfair advantage over others. This practice often involves redrawing district lines based on voting patterns to ensure that a particular party can win more seats in a legislature, even if their overall level of support is not as strong.

In this context, gerrymandering can disenfranchise voters and lead to election outcomes that do not accurately represent the will of the populace. The primary aim of this manipulation is to consolidate power by either "packing" voters of a particular demographic into a single district or "cracking" them across multiple districts so they are unable to influence the outcome significantly.

The other choices do not accurately align with the definition of gerrymandering. Fair election monitoring pertains to ensuring that elections are conducted transparently and without fraud, while increasing voter turnout involves encouraging citizens to participate in elections, and creating more political parties involves organizational dynamics within the political system, none of which are related to the specific process of manipulating electoral boundaries.