What is the legal process of giving a punishment to someone found guilty in a court case called?

The legal process of assigning a punishment to someone who has been found guilty in a court case is known as sentencing. During this stage, the court determines the appropriate consequence for the offender based on the severity of the crime, any mitigating or aggravating factors, and legal guidelines. Sentencing can involve a range of penalties, including fines, community service, probation, or imprisonment, depending on the nature of the offense and applicable laws.

Judgment refers to the court's decision in a case, which may establish the liability of parties or the outcome of a trial. Pleading pertains to the formal statements made by parties in legal proceedings, detailing their claims or defenses. Arbitration is a method of resolving disputes outside of court, where an arbitrator makes a binding decision, but it does not directly relate to the punitive aspect of legal judgments. Thus, among the options given, sentencing is the most accurate term for the process of assigning a punishment following a court's verdict.