What term describes actions organized by an individual or group to achieve a specific aim?

The term that best describes actions organized by an individual or group to achieve a specific aim is "campaigning." Campaigning involves a coordinated effort to promote a particular cause, idea, or policy through various activities, which can include advocacy, outreach, and mobilization efforts. It is structured and often involves strategic planning to influence public opinion or drive change.

Conversely, the terms "protesting," "organizing," and "planning" each convey different aspects of action. Protesting specifically refers to publicly demonstrating dissent or opposition, often through rallies or marches, but may not encompass the broader strategic aim of achieving a specific goal like a campaign would. Organizing implies bringing people together for a common purpose but does not necessarily include the actions taken to achieve that purpose. Planning refers to the preparatory work and logistics involved in executing actions but does not capture the active efforts and goals associated with campaigns. Thus, while related, these terms do not fully characterize the coordinated and purposeful nature inherent in campaigning.