Which term describes a general vote by the electorate on a single issue?

A referendum is a significant mechanism in democratic systems that allows the electorate to directly vote on a specific issue, rather than choosing representatives to make decisions on their behalf. This process is often used for matters of great public interest or constitutional change, allowing citizens to express their opinions on a specific question, such as whether to change an existing law or policy.

In this context, a referendum stands out because it focuses solely on a singular topic, making it different from an election, where voters select candidates for political offices. A poll typically refers to the process of surveying public opinion or measuring support for an idea or candidate, rather than being an official vote on a legislative issue. Consensus refers to general agreement within a group, which does not involve a formal voting process. Thus, a referendum uniquely encapsulates the concept of a direct vote by the electorate on a specific issue.